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RuralBioUp

Source Partner

ITABIA

Source of Information

EU Project

EU Project

RuralBioUp

Biomass Residues from Agriculture and Forestry Sectors (Dedicated Crops)

Biomass Residues from Agriculture Sector

Biomass Residues from Zootechnical Sector

Biomass Residues from Zootechnical Industry

Biomass Residues from Aquatic Industry

Biomass Residues from Agriculture and Forestry Sectors (Dedicated Crops)

SNoBiomass CategoryBiomassTheoretical availability (t/year)Traditional usesPlant partsMain utilization as BBPsPossible future innovative utilizationAvailable amount of Biomass for BBPs (t/year)Notes
1Herbaceous CropsSpring barley136500Animal feed and maltSeed-Cosmetics, Biopackaging,27300Data for land cultivated is from Central statiscs office. (www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AQA05&PLanguage=0); 2017 data. Yelds are average values from 2014 to 2016. The yield data obtained from Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority. www.teagasc.ie/crops/crops/cereal-crops/
2Herbaceous CropsSpring barley136500Animal feed and maltSeed-Cosmetics, Nutraceutical, Biopackaging27300Data for land cultivated is from Central statiscs office. (www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AQA05&PLanguage=0); 2017 data. Yelds are average values from 2014 to 2016. The yield data obtained from Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority. www.teagasc.ie/crops/crops/cereal-crops/
3Herbaceous CropsSpring barley136500Animal feed and maltSeed-Biomaterials27300Data for land cultivated is from Central statiscs office. (www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AQA05&PLanguage=0); 2017 data. Yelds are average values from 2014 to 2016. The yield data obtained from Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority. www.teagasc.ie/crops/crops/cereal-crops/
4Herbaceous CropsSpring barley136500Animal feed and maltSeed-Nutraceutical, Cosmetics, biofuels, Biomaterials27300Data for land cultivated is from Central statiscs office. (www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AQA05&PLanguage=0); 2017 data. Yelds are average values from 2014 to 2016. The yield data obtained from Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority. www.teagasc.ie/crops/crops/cereal-crops/
5Herbaceous CropsSpring wheat14940Animal feed and foodSeed-Cosmetics, Biopackaging,2988-
6Herbaceous CropsSpring wheat14940Animal feed and foodSeed-Cosmetics, Nutraceutical, Biopackaging2988-
7Herbaceous CropsSpring wheat14940Animal feed and foodSeed-Biomaterials, Advanced Biofuels2988-
8Herbaceous CropsSpring oats12580Animal feed and food-Biomaterials, Advanced Biofuels2516-
9Herbaceous CropsSpring oats12580Animal feed and food-Biomaterials, Textile2516-
10Herbaceous CropsSpring oats12580Animal feed and food-Cosmetics, Nutraceuticals, Biopackaging2516-
11Herbaceous CropsSpring oats12580Animal feed and food-Cosmetics, Nutraceuticals, Biopackaging, Advanced Biofuels2516-
12Herbaceous CropsWinter wheat43860Feed and food-Biomaterials, Advanced Biofuels8772-
13Herbaceous CropsWinter wheat43860Feed and food-Cosmetics, Nutraceuticals, Biopackaging, Advanced Biofuels8772-
14Herbaceous CropsWinter wheat43860Feed and food-Cosmetics, Nutraceutical, Biopackaging8772-
15Herbaceous CropsWinter Barley104160Feed and malt-Biomaterials, Advanced Biofuels20832-
16Herbaceous CropsWinter Barley104160Feed and malt-Cosmetics, Nutraceuticals, Biopackaging20832-
17Herbaceous CropsWinter Barley104160Feed and malt-Biomaterials, Textile20832-
18Herbaceous CropsWinter oats11310Feed and food-Biomaterials, Advanced Biofuels2262-
19Herbaceous CropsWinter oats11310Feed and food-Biomaterials, Textile2262-
20Herbaceous CropsWinter oats11310Feed and food-Cosmetics, Nutraceuticals, Biopackaging, Advanced Biofuels2262-
21Herbaceous CropsWinter oats11310Feed and food-Cosmetics, Nutraceutical, Biopackaging2262-
22Oil CropsOil seed rape500Animal feed and oil-Cosmetics, Nutraceuticals, Biopackaging, Advanced Biofuels420Data for land cultivated is from Central statiscs office. (www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AQA05&PLanguage=0); 2017 data. Yelds are average values from 2014 to 2016. The yield data obtained from Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority. www.teagasc.ie/crops/crops/break-crops/oilseed-rape/
23Oil CropsOil seed rape500Animal feed and oil-Cosmetics, Nutraceuticals, Biopackaging420Data for land cultivated is from Central statiscs office. (www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AQA05&PLanguage=0); 2017 data. Yelds are average values from 2014 to 2016. The yield data obtained from Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority. www.teagasc.ie/crops/crops/break-crops/oilseed-rape/
24Oil CropsOil seed rape500Animal feed and oil-Biomaterials, Textile, Advanced Biofuels420Data for land cultivated is from Central statiscs office. (www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AQA05&PLanguage=0); 2017 data. Yelds are average values from 2014 to 2016. The yield data obtained from Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority. www.teagasc.ie/crops/crops/break-crops/oilseed-rape/

Biomass Residues from Agriculture Sector

SNoBiomass CategoryBiomassTheoretical availability (t/year)Traditional usesPlant partsMain utilization as BBPsPossible future innovative utilizationAvailable amount of Biomass for BBPs (t/year)Notes
1Agriculture ResiduesSpring barley straw54600FodderStraw-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile16380Data for land cultivated is from Central statiscs office. (www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AQA05&PLanguage=0); 2017 data. Yelds are average values from 2014 to 2016. The yield data obtained from Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority. Straw yileds conversion values- https://www.teagasc.ie/media/website/publications/2016/12.-Straw-for-Energy.pdf
2Agriculture ResiduesSpring barley straw54600FodderStraw-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile16380Data for land cultivated is from Central statiscs office. (www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AQA05&PLanguage=0); 2017 data. Yelds are average values from 2014 to 2016. The yield data obtained from Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority. Straw yileds conversion values- https://www.teagasc.ie/media/website/publications/2016/12.-Straw-for-Energy.pdf
3Agriculture ResiduesSpring barley straw54600FodderStraw-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile16380Data for land cultivated is from Central statiscs office. (www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AQA05&PLanguage=0); 2017 data. Yelds are average values from 2014 to 2016. The yield data obtained from Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority. Straw yileds conversion values- https://www.teagasc.ie/media/website/publications/2016/12.-Straw-for-Energy.pdf
4Agriculture ResiduesSpring wheat straw4500FodderStraw-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile1350-
5Agriculture ResiduesSpring wheat straw4500FodderStraw-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile1350-
6Agriculture ResiduesSpring wheat straw4500FodderStraw-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile1350-
7Agriculture ResiduesSpring oats straw6630FodderStraw-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile1989-
8Agriculture ResiduesSpring oats straw6630Fodder-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile1989-
9Agriculture ResiduesSpring oats straw6630Fodder-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile1989-
10Agriculture ResiduesWinter wheat straw15480Fodder-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile4644-
11Agriculture ResiduesWinter wheat straw15480Fodder-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile4644-
12Agriculture ResiduesWinter wheat straw15480Fodder-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile4644-
13Agriculture ResiduesWinter Barley starw40320Fodder-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile12096-
14Agriculture ResiduesWinter Barley starw40320Fodder-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile12096-
15Agriculture ResiduesWinter Barley starw40320Fodder-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile12096-
16Agriculture ResiduesWinter oats straw5200Fodder-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile1560-
17Agriculture ResiduesWinter oats straw5200Fodder-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile1560-
18Agriculture ResiduesWinter oats straw5200Fodder-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile1560-
19Agriculture ResiduesOil seed rape2000Fodder-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile600-
20Agriculture ResiduesOil seed rape2000Fodder-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile600-
21Agriculture ResiduesOil seed rape2000Fodder-Biomaterials (Biopackaging) Advanced Biofuels, Textile-

Biomass Residues from Zootechnical Sector

SNoBiomass CategoryBiomassTheoretical availability (t/year)Traditional usesPlant partsMain utilization as BBPsPossible future innovative utilizationAvailable amount of Biomass for BBPs (t/year)Notes
1Zootechnical Sector (livestaock farms)Pig slurry382220Compost and land spreadSlurry-Advanced Biofuels, Biofertilizers191110Data for Number of heads are obtained from Central Statistics Office (https://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AAA07&PLanguage=0); 2017 data; Conversion values are obtained from the published article Singh et al, 2009. Composition data is obtained from Celignis database and Carbolea http://www.carbolea.ul.ie/manures.php; Agriland.ieCSOIrish River Data
2Zootechnical Sector (livestaock farms)Pig slurry382220Compost and land spreadManure-Advanced Biofuels, Biofertilizers191110Data for Number of heads are obtained from Central Statistics Office (https://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AAA07&PLanguage=0); 2017 data; Conversion values are obtained from the published article Singh et al, 2009. Composition data is obtained from Celignis database and Carbolea http://www.carbolea.ul.ie/manures.php; Agriland.ieCSOIrish River Data
3Zootechnical Sector (livestaock farms)Pig slurry382220Compost and land spreadManure-Advanced Biofuels, Biofertilizers191110Data for Number of heads are obtained from Central Statistics Office (https://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AAA07&PLanguage=0); 2017 data; Conversion values are obtained from the published article Singh et al, 2009. Composition data is obtained from Celignis database and Carbolea http://www.carbolea.ul.ie/manures.php; Agriland.ieCSOIrish River Data
4Zootechnical Sector (livestaock farms)Cattle manure7321500Compost and land spreadWool-Advanced Biofuels, Biofertilizers3660750-
5Zootechnical Sector (livestaock farms)Cattle manure7321500Compost and land spread-Advanced Biofuels, Biofertilizers3660750-
6Zootechnical Sector (livestaock farms)Cattle manure7321500Compost and land spread-Advanced Biofuels, Biofertilizers3660750-
7Zootechnical Sector (livestaock farms)Sheep manure35710Compost and land spread-Advanced Biofuels, Biofertilizers17855-
8Zootechnical Sector (livestaock farms)Sheep manure35710Compost and land spread-Advanced Biofuels, Biofertilizers17855-
9Zootechnical Sector (livestaock farms)Sheep manure35710Compost and land spread-Advanced Biofuels, Biofertilizers17855-
10Zootechnical Sector (livestaock farms)Sheep manure35710Compost and land spread-Advanced Biofuels, Biofertilizers17855-
11Zootechnical Sector (livestaock farms)Waste Wool14100Disposal-Cosmetics, Textile, Biomaterials14100-
12Zootechnical Sector (livestaock farms)Waste Wool14100Disposal-Cosmetics, Textile, Biomaterials14100-
13Data for Number of heads are obtained from Central Statistics Office (https://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AAA07&PLanguage=0); 2017 data; Conversion values are obtained from the published article Singh et al, 2009.
14Data for Number of heads are obtained from Central Statistics Office (https://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AAA07&PLanguage=0); 2017 data; Conversion values are obtained from the published article Singh et al, 2009.
15Data for Number of heads are obtained from Central Statistics Office (https://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AAA07&PLanguage=0); 2017 data; Conversion values are obtained from the published article Singh et al, 2009.
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Biomass Residues from Zootechnical Industry

SNoBiomass CategoryBiomassTheoretical availability (t/year)Traditional usesPlant partsMain utilization as BBPsPossible future innovative utilizationAvailable amount of Biomass for BBPs (t/year)Notes
1Zootechnical IndustryCattle slaughter waste26603DisposalOrganic waste-Feed, Biomaterials, Biofertilizers, Advanced Biofuels, Cosmetics13302Data for Number of heads are obtained from Central Statistics Office (https://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AAA07&PLanguage=0); 2017 data; Conversion values are obtained from the published article Singh et al, 2009.
2Zootechnical IndustryCattle slaughter waste26604DisposalDisposed-Feed, Biomaterials, Biofertilizers, Advanced Biofuels, Cosmetics13302Data for Number of heads are obtained from Central Statistics Office (https://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AAA07&PLanguage=0); 2017 data; Conversion values are obtained from the published article Singh et al, 2009.
3Zootechnical IndustryCattle slaughter waste26605DisposalDisposed-Feed, Biomaterials, Biofertilizers, Advanced Biofuels, Cosmetics13302Data for Number of heads are obtained from Central Statistics Office (https://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=AAA07&PLanguage=0); 2017 data; Conversion values are obtained from the published article Singh et al, 2009.
4Zootechnical IndustryPig slaughter waste7117Disposal-Feed, Biomaterials, Biofertilizers, Advanced Biofuels, Cosmetics3559-
5Zootechnical IndustryPig slaughter waste7118Disposal-Feed, Biomaterials, Biofertilizers, Advanced Biofuels, Cosmetics3559-
6Zootechnical IndustryPig slaughter waste7119Disposal-Feed, Biomaterials, Biofertilizers, Advanced Biofuels, Cosmetics3559-
7Zootechnical IndustrySheep slaughter waste4928Disposal-Feed, Biomaterials, Biofertilizers, Advanced Biofuels, Cosmetics2464-
8Zootechnical IndustrySheep slaughter waste4928Disposal-Feed, Biomaterials, Biofertilizers, Advanced Biofuels, Cosmetics2464-
9Zootechnical IndustrySheep slaughter waste4928Disposal-Feed, Biomaterials, Biofertilizers, Advanced Biofuels, Cosmetics2464-

Biomass Residues from Aquatic Industry

SNoBiomass CategoryBiomassTheoretical availability (t/year)Traditional usesPlant partsMain utilization as BBPsPossible future innovative utilizationAvailable amount of Biomass for BBPs (t/year)Notes
1Fisheries IndustryCrustacean waste1136Land fillLand fill-Feed, Biomaterials, Biofertilizers, Advanced Biofuels, Cosmetics1136Disposalandreutilisationoffishandfishprocessingwaste (http://epub.sub.uni-hamburg.de/epub/volltexte/2009/1476/pdf/DK01003)
2Fisheries IndustryCrustacean waste1136Land fillLand fill-Feed, Biomaterials, Biofertilizers, Advanced Biofuels, Cosmetics1136Disposalandreutilisationoffishandfishprocessingwaste (http://epub.sub.uni-hamburg.de/epub/volltexte/2009/1476/pdf/DK01003)
3Fisheries IndustryCrustacean waste1136Land fillLand fill-Feed, Biomaterials, Biofertilizers, Advanced Biofuels, Cosmetics1136Disposalandreutilisationoffishandfishprocessingwaste (http://epub.sub.uni-hamburg.de/epub/volltexte/2009/1476/pdf/DK01003)
4Fisheries IndustryFish waste11201Land fill-Feed, Nutraceutical, Biomaterials, Textile, Cosmetics.11201-
5Fisheries IndustryFish waste11201Land fill-Feed, Nutraceutical, Biomaterials, Textile, Cosmetics.11201-
6Fisheries IndustryMollusca waste2487Land fill-Feed, Biomaterials, Cosmetics.2487-
background glossary section

Glossary

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Bio-based carbon

Carbon derived from biomass

Biodegradability

Biodegradability refers to a process in which microorganisms convert the material into substances such as compost, carbon dioxide, methane or water through metabolic or enzymatic processes. The ultimate condition is the complete transformation of organic compounds into reduced simple molecules (such as carbon dioxide/methane, nitrate/ammonium, and water) and new biomass. Under aerobic conditions, carbon dioxide is the primary gas emitted while in the case of anaerobic conditions it is methane. The term “biodegradable” should always be associated with the type of medium (e.g. soil, water, in vitro medium), the conditions (e.g. temperature and humidity) and the duration of the biodegradation. For instance, among currently marketed bioplastics, PLA is always claimed as “biodegradable” while in reality, PLA is only industrially compostable (e.g. at 58°C and controlled conditions of humidity). Without this, PLA packaging, despite being made from renewable resources, is a plastic that will persist in our environment for a hundred years.

Biodegradable plastics

Biodegradable plastic means a plastic capable of undergoing physical, biological decomposition, such that it ultimately decomposes into carbon dioxide, biomass and water, without leaving behind any residue, and in accordance with European standards for packaging recoverable through composting and anaerobic digestion. Biodegradable plastics are designed to biodegrade in a specific medium (water, soil, compost) under certain conditions and in varying periods of time. (EEA, 2020) Therefore the label “biodegradable” must always have a clear sign of the environment in which the test was performed.

Bioeconomy

The bioeconomy covers all sectors and systems that rely on biological resources (animals, plants, micro-organisms and derived biomass, including organic waste), their functions and principles. It includes and interlinks: land and marine ecosystems and the services they provide; all primary production sectors that use and produce biological resources (agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture); and all economic and industrial sectors that use biological resources and processes to produce food, feed, bio-based products, energy and services. / * Biomedicines and health biotechnology are excluded

Biofertiliser

A substance which contains living micro-organisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonise the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. Note to entry: Biofertilisers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth-promoting substances. The micro-organisms in biofertilisers restore the soil's natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter. Through the use of biofertilisers, healthy plants can be grown, while enhancing the sustainability and the health of the soil. Biofertilisers can be expected to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, but they are not yet able to replace their use.

Biorefinery

Biorefining is the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of bio-based products (food, feed, chemicals, materials) and bioenergy (biofuels, power and/or heat) (De Jong et al, 2020). This concept is analogous to today's petroleum refinery, which produces multiple fuels and products from petroleum.

Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS)

The process of capturing carbon dioxide before it enters the atmosphere, transporting it, and storing it for centuries or millennia.

Carbon capture and use (CCU)

The process of capturing carbon dioxide to be recycled for further usage. CCU is a broad term that covers all established and innovative industrial processes that aim at capturing carbon dioxide– either from industrial point sources or directly from the air – and at transforming the captured carbon dioxide into a variety of value-added products such as chemical building blocks, food/feed, synthetic fuels or materials.

Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS)

Technologies that involve the capture of carbon dioxide from fuel combustion or industrial processes, the transport of this carbon dioxide via ship or pipeline, and either its use as a resource to create valuable products or services or its permanent storage deep underground in geological formations. CCUS technologies also provide the foundation for carbon removal or "negative emissions" when the carbon dioxide comes from bio-based processes or directly from the atmosphere.

Carbon debt

The initial emission of biogenic-CO2 from forest bioenergy when it is higher than the emissions from a reference fossil system. It is called debt because the forest re-growth combined with the continuous substitution of fossil fuels may, in time, repay the “debt”.

Carbon footprint

The full quantity of greenhouse gases that can be attributed to an individual, a plant, a company, a product or a whole economy.

Carbon-neutral

Balancing the amount of carbon released – by burning fossil fuels or biomass, or the decomposition of plant biomass, for example – with an equivalent amount put into and stored in soils, plant and animal tissues, or other material such as the ocean floor.

Cascading

Cascading use is the efficient utilization of resources by using residues and recycled materials for material use to extend total biomass availability within a given system. In a single-stage cascade, the wood is processed into a product and this product is used once more for energy purposes. In a multistage cascade, the wood is processed into a product and this product is used at least once more in material form before disposal or recovery for energy purposes.

Composting

Treatment process that decomposes organic matter in an oxygenated environment. The result is nutrient-rich fertilizer or soil amendment.. Common types of composting include industrial composting (also known as ‘commercial composting’) and home composting.

Fertiliser

A chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility.

Life cycle assessment (LCA)

Life cycle assessment (previously also known as life cycle analysis) is defined as a systematic analysis of environmental impacts of a product or service throughout its entire life cycle. For this analysis, the material and energy inputs and outputs along all steps of the life cycle (this includes raw material extraction, production, distribution, use and disposal at end-of-life) are collected and then assessed in terms of potential environmental impacts of a product system. LCA is accepted as one of the main methods to identify environmental impacts and is standardised on the widely accepted standards ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. Life cycle inventory and life cycle impact assessment are consecutive parts of a life cycle assessment.Comparative life cycle assessment refers to a life cycle assessment. in which two or more products or systems are compared. Streamlined life cycle assessment refers to a simplified version of a life cycle assessment. that focuses on the most significant environmental impacts of a product or system.

Natural capital

The stock of renewable and non-renewable resources (e.g. plants, animals, air, water, soils, minerals) that combine to yield a flow of benefits to people.

Refinery

A refinery is a technical plant for the purification and refinement of raw materials (e.g. fractionation of crude oils via distillation which is based on the different boiling points of the respective fractions). Often, it refers to a petroleum oil refinery, which consists of a group of chemical engineering processing and refining units to convert crude oil into basic chemicals for further utilisation. This is usually done via cracking (steam cracking or catalytic cracking), a process in which large hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller and more useful ones. A key product of a refinery is fossil-based petroleum naphtha, an intermediate liquid hydrocarbon stream, which serves as a raw material for the production of many other chemicals. Petroleum naphtha can be replaced with naphtha derived from renewable carbon alternatives (either bio-based, CO2 -based or chemical recycling). Different refineries also exist for other raw materials, e.g. sugar, salt, natural gas, edible oils, metals etc.

Value chains

A value chain describes the flow of value between different actors in a supply chain and may include a broader set of actors than in supply chains. Value can be reflected by a range of terms: • Economic – where value chains describe the flow of profit or income between actors in the supply chain. For example, the flow of income to different actors based on the input and output costs. • Environmental/climatic – where value chains describe the flow of benefits to given environmental or climate objectives. For example, the greenhouse gas emissions avoided as a result of a bioeconomy value chain. • Social – where value chains describe the flow of benefits to people and communities. For example, the jobs created in rural areas as a result of new value chains. These are distinct from supply chains, which describe the flow of goods and services between different actors, such as the production of wheat, its collection, processing, the manufacturing of pasta and eventual sale.

Waste streams

Waste streams are flows of specific waste, from its source through to recovery, recycling or disposal. Waste streams can be divided into two main categories: material-related streams (including metals; glass; paper and cardboard; plastics; wood; rubber; textiles; bio-waste) and product-related streams (including packaging; electronic waste; batteries and accumulators; end-of-life vehicles; mining, construction and demolition waste). Each waste stream has its specific characteristics and applicable legislation, including in terms of treatment method, hazardousness, practical recovery and recycling possibilities.

The glossary contains terms and definitions sourced from the BIOSWITCH Glossary of terms and definitions. Access the glossary provided by the Bioswitch EU project here.

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